Carburetor



4.Rlune 9, 1931. J.. l.. CHESNUTT 1,809,108

CARBURETOR Filed Aug. 29, 1927 2 sheets-sham 2 J L CHESJYUTT abtozmqPatented June 9, 1931 UNlTE STATES PATENT OFFICE CARB''RETOR Applicationfiled August 29, 1927. Serial No. 216,156.

The primary object of this invention is to provide an improvedconstruction for a carburetor in which means isprovided for m1X- ing theliquid fuel with a small quantity of air, subsequently mixing suchmixture with a further quantity of airand still later, mixing the lastmixture with the main body of air; all of these mixing operations takingplace while the elements are passing` at right angles to each other andat high speed whereby the fuel elements are thoroughly vaporized and anintimate and efficient mixture is secured.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved carburetor inwhich the fuel elements such as gasoline and air are caused to iiow inthin streams upon metal surfaces of considerable extent, whereby theyare spread out in thin sheets in order to secure a high degree ofvaporization and then are picked up in vapor formed by streams ofpassing air, to secure a further mixture.

A further object of the invention is to provide a carburetor having animproved floating and automatically adjusting nozzle and spray devicefor effecting the mixture of air with other fuel elements.

Still another object is to provide a carburetor in which the quantity ofair introduced to the fuel mixture is automatically proportioned to thespeed and load of the enengine at all times whether under conditions ofidling, slow speed, medium speed or high speed, or slow and mediumspeeds under heavy load.

A further object of the invention is to provide in carburetor, animproved kspiral entrance passage so designed as tocause a rapid travelof fuel elements through a narron7 and minimize the amount ofcondensation and inc inparatively long passageway in order tov moistureto the air supply before the main quantity of air is mixed with theliquid fuel.

Another and further object of this invention is to insure a supply ofgasoline or other liquid fuel for easy and quick starting under allconditions by permitting the entrance of a limited amount of gasoline tothe entrance passages even when the engine is not running.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved carburetorin which the richness of the mixture is automatically adj usted at alltimes to the speed and load conditions in such manner as tosecure thehighest possible economy of fuel and the greatest efieiency inoperation.

Another object is to provide a carburetor capable of smoothness ofoperation at all speeds without the use of several separate adjustingneedles, jets, feeds and the like, a single adjusting needle serving forall speeds and all conditions of operation.

Still another object of this invention is to attain the greatestpossible economy and efficiency by combining in a practical andinexpensive form, means for thoroughly breaking, vaporizing and mixingthe liquid fuel with the air by the most efficient methods adapted toordinary use in connection with internal combustion motors; namely byutilizing a large area of metal surface upon which gasoline or othervolatile fuel element is spread out in a very thin sheet or lilm inrelation to the quantity and speed of air passing in contact therewithand to do this in the smallest practical space and by simple means; andfurther by providing a contact between fuel elements and air at thepoint of mixture when traveling at high speeds and substantially atright anglesV to each other. c

With these and other objects in View, my invention consists in theconstruction, arrangement and combination of elements hereinafter setforth, pointed out in the claims and indicated by the accompanyingdrawings in which- Fig. l is a plan view of my improvedcarburetor.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section substantially on the line 2-2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 CII of Fig. 1 showing themeans for automatically controlling the level of liquid fuel in thefloat chamber.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the carburetor partly in section on theline 4 4 of Fig. 1, to show particularly the means for admittingmoisture to the main air supply.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 2 andillustrating the spiral entrance passageway for the liquid fuel.

I have employed the numeral to designate a bowl for the reception ofgasoline or other liquid fuel, said bowl being provided with a cover 11held in place by a central bolt 12. A float 13 is arranged for verticalmovement in the bowl 10 and is slidable en the bolt 12. The bowl 10 isformed with an L-shaped extension 14 at one side and in saitL extensionis pivoted a lever 15 which extends within the bowl and engages the topof the float 13. A nozzle plug 16 is mounted in the vertical part of theL-shaped extension 14 and is formed with a valve seat with which isassociated a needle valve 17 engaging the lever 15. rlhe nozzle plug isprovided with entrance ports 18 at its upper end communicating with thevalve seat. Gasoline or the like is supplied to the device through atube 19 and an annular screen 2O preferably is interposed between themouth of said pipe and the entrance ports 18 of the valve device.

At one side of the bowl 10 is a cylindrical chamber 21 of small diameterand a passage 22 leads from the bottom of said bowl to the lower end ofsaid chamber. The bowl 10 may be provided with a screen 23 extendingover the mouth of the passage 22. A valve seat 24 'is threaded into thelower end of the chamber 21 and has a passageway therethroughcommunicating between the passage 22 and the interior of said chamber.In the top of the chamber 21 is threaded a bushing` 25 and an air tube26 is threaded inte said bushing and i extends within the chamber 21. The air tube 26 has integrally formed on its lower end, a

needle valve 27 which engages the seat 24 and controls the passage ofliquid to the chamber 21. The airtube 26 is formed with a relativelylarge air inlet `port 28 at its upper end, through which it receivesatmosphericair and isa-lso formed with a small port or ports 29 in itslower end through which the air passes to the interior of the chamber21. he air tube is formed at its upper end with a milled or knurled head30 for manual adjustment of the valve 27 and a lock nutV 31 is threadedon said tube for engagementI with the upper en d of the lbushing 25 tomaintain the desired adjustment.

`An air chamber 32 of substantially ,-cylindrical form is located atoneside of the bowl '10 and chamber 21 and said air chamber issurmounted by a generally dome-shaped mixing chamber 33 which forms acontinuation thereof and a cover therefor. The mixing chamber and airchamber are held together by means of bolts 34 and a gasket 35preferably is interposed between them. A fuel tube 36 extends verticallythrough the center of the air chamber 32 and mixing chamber 33. A fuelpassage 37 extends laterally from the lower end portion of thecylindrical chamber 21 and communicates with the outer end of a narrowelongated spiral channel 33, which in turn communicates at its inner endwith the lower end of the fuel tube 36. The spiral channel 38 preferablyis formed in the upper portion of a separate casting 39 which is securedto the bottom of the air chamber 32 by neans of bolts or cap screws 40.

Mounted for vertical sliding adjustment in the air chamber 32 and mixingchamber 33 is an automatically adjusting nozzle and spray device whichat times is lifted by the rush of air through the chamber 32, caused bythe suction of the engine. The nozzle and spray device is composed of asubstantially cylindricalmember 41 having a bear- 42 for slidingmovement on the tube 36 and also substantially conical member 43 mountedabove the member 41 and having a slide bearing on the upper end portionof said tube. rlhe cylindrical member 41 is formed at its upper end witha horizontal lflange 45 which normally rests at its outer edge on aninternal shoulder 46 of the chamber 32. The conical member 43 is formedat its lower end with a horizontal flange 47 which is arranged parallelwith and slightly spaced from the flange 45 to form a narrowcircumferential opening 48 between them, directed horizontally. Themembers 41 and 44 are held together by screws or the like 49 passingthrough their flanges. The cylindrical member 41 of the nozzle and spraydevice is formed at its lower end with openings 50 by means of which airmay enter it from the air chamber 32.

Mounted within the cylindrical member 41 is a. plate 51 which ishorizontally arranged on the tube 36 and secured thereto as by a pin 52.Also mounted on the tube 36 and secured thereto as by a. pin 53, is a.substantially conical member 54 which has its lower wider end spacedslightly above the top of the plate 51 and extends upwardly within theconical member 43 of the nozzle and spray device. rlhe outer edges ofthe plate member 51 and conical member 54 are spaced slightly from theinner wall of the cylindrical member 41 and the space between saidmembers 51 and 54 provide .a narrow outlet directed horizontally towardthe wall of said member 41 and designated by the numeral 55. A port 56is formed in the tube 36 within the space between the plate 51 andconical member 54 for the passage of liquid fuel from said tube.

An outlet 57 for fuel mixture leads laterally from the dome-shapedmember 33 of the housing and is provided with a throttle valve 58arranged for manual actuation by means of a rod 59 leading to theinstrument board or steerinf wheel of the vehicle on which thecarburetor is used.

Atmospheric air is admitted to the air chamber 32 through asubstantially L-shaped member 60 ha 'ing a butterfly valve 6l thereinwhich is controlled by a wire 62 leading to a suitable place adjacentthe drivers seat.

ln the operation of the device as thus far described, the floatcontrolled valve 17 operates in the usual manner to keep a fairlyconstant level of gasoline or similar` liquid in the bowl 10. The partsare so arranged that even when the engine is not in operation, aquantity of gasoline from the bowl l0 will flow through the passage 22and valve seat 24 and fill the passage 3'? and the spiral channel 38 land also extend part way up the fuel tube 36,

but not as high therein as the level of the port 56. This supply ofgasoline in the passageways makes for easy starting of the motor becausea sufficient quantity of unmixed gasoline is at hand for such startingoperation and ready to be drawn at once into the cylinder, the suctionat the port 56 causing gasoline to be drawn from the tube 86, spiralchannel 38, passage 37 and chamber1 2l during the first few revolutionsof the engine. rlhe gasoline is sucked out much more rapidly thanadditional gasoline can flow through the seat 24 and past the needle 27,and consequently the chamber 2l is soon emptied of gasoline with theexception of the small quantity which is passing through and being usedby the engine. lVhen the engine is started, the gasoline continues toflow at considerable speed through the passage 22 and valve seat 24 ascontrolled by the position of the needle valve 27 and over flows theupper end of the valve seat 24, being there mixed with a small quantityof air which enters from the air tube 26 through the port 29 to thechamber 21 within which it passes downwardly and strikes the stream ofgasoline at right angles. Gasoline from the passage 22 overflows thevalve seat 24 and laterally therefrom and is then diverted downwardly tothe passage 37, but the laterally flowing annular sheet of gasoline isimpinged at considerable speed and substantially at right angles by thedownwardly flowing air surrounding the needle, so that the twosubstances are intimately mixed. The gasoline, with this small quantityof air, continues through the passage 37 and spiral channel 38 to thefuel tube 36 from which it passes by means of the port 56 to the space.between the plate 5l and conical member 54 The gasoline with smallquantity of air mixed therewith, then passes laterally through the nar-'row slit or annular opening 55 toward the wall of the cylindricalmember 4l where it encounters a vertically ascending annular stream ofair passing from the chamber 82 through the openings 50. By this means,a

larger quantity of air is intimately mixed with the gasoline and smallquantity of air previously mixed therewith and the mixture so formedpasses laterally through the slit or narrow annular passage 48 betweenthe flanges 45 and 47 of the nozzle and spray device. Then the engine isidling or running` at slow speed, the flange 45 of the nozzle and spraydevice rests on the shoulder 46 and the relatively rich fuel mixtureissuing from the annular slit 48 is drawn directly into the manifoldsand engine cylinders through the fuel passage 57 under control of thethrottle valve 58.

When the throttle is opened wider to attain a higher speed or to pull aheavy load, there is a greater suction in the mixing chamloer 33 andmore air is drawn into the air chamber 32 and has the tendency to raisethe slidably mounted nozzle and spray device by pressure against theannular fla-nge 45, thus opening a narrow annular passage between saidflange and the shoulder 46, which opening is immediately below theannular opening 48 and permits a greater quantity of air to passupwardly around said slit 48 and substantially at right angles to thestream of relatively rich fuel mixture issuing therefrom. By this means,a greater quantity of air is supplied to and intimately mixed with therelatively rich fuel mixture passing through the nozzle and spray deviceand such greater quantity of air is proportionate to the speed and loadof the engine because of the increased suction thereof. This action isautomatically determined by and through the speed and load of the enginewithout the use, either by manual or automatic operation orre-a-djustment, of valves, jets, 0r the like other than the operation ofthe throttle valve controlling the speed and power of the engine.

lt will be noted that there are three separate and distinct locations atwhich gasoline or a mixture of gasoline and air is caused to encounter afurther stream of air and that at each of these locations, the advent ofthe new quantity of air is at right angles to the travel of the gasolineor the fuel mixture with which such new quantity of air is to be mixed.These bodies of vapor and liquid fuel passing at right angles to eachother and at high speed because of the suction eifect of the engine arethus caused to be thoroughly and completely mixed to produce anefficient fuel mixture for the use of the engine at any given time,whether under conditions of idling, slow speed, heavy load at mediumspeed, or high speed. rlhe three locations `just referred to are: first,the place where 'the soline issues from the valve seat 24 and is mixedwith av small quantity of air passing downwardly through the chamber 21;second, the place where the gasoline with small quantity of air issuesfrom the narrow horizontal slit 55 and encounters an upwardly travelingthin annular body of air passing through the cylindricalmember 4l; andthird, the place where this mixture of gasoline and air passes from thenarrow horizontal slit 48 and encount rs an upwardlytraveling annularbody of air passing upwardly between the shoulder 46 and flange 45. Itwill be noted that the latter admission of air to the mixture dependsupon the suction within the carburetor and the quantity of air andmixture passing through it, so as to lift the nozzle. and spray deviceagainst the force of gravity and the quantity of air admitted isproportionate to the speed and load of the engine. It is well known thatwhen an internal combustion engine is traveling at high speed, it iscapable of using a fuel mixture having a greater content of air thanwhen traveling at slower speed or when under heavy loa-d. It is thusapparent, that the arrangement I have provided, insures the mostefficient as well as economical fuel mixture under all conditions.

It is desirable to provide means for supplying moisture to the fuelmixture and it isalso highly desirable to admit this moisture to the airbefore the main body of air is .taken intothe fuel mixture. For thispurpose, I have provided a pipe 63 leading from v'any suitable source ofwater supply and entering a boss 64 formed on one side of the initialend of the main air passage 60. The boss 64 is provided with a. passage65 which communicates with an annular groove 66 formed in the wall ofthe air passage 60. The entrance of water through the passage iscontrolled by a needle valve 67 having a wire 68 attached thereto and.leading to asuitable place adjacent the drivers seat. A sleeve 69 isVmounted in the main air passage 60 and forms the inner wall Vfortheannular groove 66, said sleeve being formed with a narrow slit 7()communicating with said groove. After the engine is warmed up to a pointof efficient running, the valve 67 may be opened so that a supply ofwater will be drawn by suction through the pipe 63, passage 65, groove66 and slit 70 into the air passing through the sleeve 69 and be mixedwith said air and carried by it through the carburetor and into theengine. Experiments indicate that moisture thus mixed with the airprevious to the mixing of air with gasoline corresponds more closely tothe mixture obtained while the engine is operated when the air isnaturally laden with moisture as during a fog or drizzle and thattherefore, a smoother running of the engine may be obtained by thusintroducing moisture to the carburetor. It should be noted further, thatthe turning on of the moisture at this point does not affect the suctionwithin the carburetor as it is affected when such moisture or anadditional quantity of air is turned on between the carburetor mixingchamber and the engine as is customary in many devices designed to beattached t0 carburetors.

The introduction of moisture as I have provided, also tends to preventthe formation of carbon deposits in the engine, under some conditions,or to remove such deposits, if previously formed; and it also tends toprevent the engine from becoming over heated.

Under heavy load or high speed. when the engine reaches a temperaturehigher than necessary for efficient operation, the surplus heatis-utilized by converting the moisture introduced, into steam. It isthought that the action of this expanding steam produces a smootheraction of the engine under the con-- ditions mentioned.

It is also desirable to provide means for applying heat to the fuelmixture at times, particularly when it is desired to use kerosene ordistillate as a fuel or when gasoline is used in very cold weather. Forthis purpose, the casting' 39 is formed with a heating chamber 71immediately below the spiral channel 38. rllhe heating chamber isprovided with an entrance opening 72 through which it may receive heatedproducts of combustion from the engine in any suitable manner and isalso provided with an exit opening 7 3. Near the entrance opening theheating chamber 7l is provided with a butteriy valve or damper 74 havingsuitable means (not shown), for manually controlling the supply ofheated currents to the chamber. It is obvious that any'other suitableheating means may be employed Vfor the heating chamber 71 or to supplyheat to and immediately below the spiral channel 38. This location ofthe heating device is advantageous in that it tends to preventcondensation of 4fuel elements inthe bottom of the channel 38 and tomaterially faciliquantity of fuel mixture to travel a greaterl distanceand therefore remain in contact with the heated-surface for the longesttime possible in the available space. A narrow channel is provided inorder to maintain a constant and uniform speed and richness of themixture passing on through and to the other mixing, atomizing andvaporizing members of the carburetor. By not permitting a slow speed offuel elements through the channel `38, I `avoid .the condensing ofliquids, ,their separation from the air and settling on the floor of thechannel, which would weaken the richness of the mixture and cause themixture to vary too much for eciency during constant variations whichoccur in the speed of the engine. By applying heat to the floor of thechannel 3S, I cause it to come into closer contact with the heavier orless broken up parts of the liquid fuel, which tend to travel low alongthe iioor and thus they receive a larger portion of heat and become morethoroughly vaporized and mixed with the air, thereby increasing thedegree of combustibility, efficiency, and economy.

By causing the air and gasoline to pass in thin streams upon metalsurfaces of considerable extent, I insure a thorough vaporization andmixing, especially when suoli elements are moving at high speed.

By using the automatically adjusting nozzle and spray device, I avoidthe necessity for an idling jet, a low speed jet, or feed, and theconstant readjustment of such members as is usual in the carburetors nowgenerally in use.

The carburetor constructed according to my improvement, is capable ofproducing a high degree of smoothness in ruiming at all speeds and loadsof the engine and it should be noted that the one adjustment of theneedle 27 serves for all speeds.

The large diameter of the annular exit 55 is proportionate to the volumeof mixture passing therethrough and the still larger diameter of theexit 48 and the greater metal surfaces with which the mixture contacts,have an advantage in thorough vaporization of the elements, in additionto producing the thinnest possible sheet of fuel elements, moving at thehighest possible speed within a given space.

A light coil spring 7 5 preferably is coiled about the upper end of thefuel tube 36 and is adapted to be engaged by the bearing 44 in theupward movement of the floating nozzle and spray device so as toincrease the resistance to such upward movement and limit the rise ofsaid device, whereby to increase the flow of fuel element in relation tothe quantity of air admitted. A wire 76 engages the upper end of thespring 7 5 and extends through a exible tube 77 to a position adj acentto the drivers seat. It is the function of the wire 76 to increase ordiminish the tension of the spring 7 5 by a manual push or pull thereonat times. By increasing the tension of the spring and the resistance toupward movement of the floating nozzle and spray device in the operationof starting the engine and while it is being warmed up, a richer mixtureis produced in a manner similar to the operation of the choker valve 61.After the engine warms up the tension may be decreased until the normalpoint is attained where the highest economy and elliciency are reached.

I attach considerable importance to the use of the slidably mounted orfloating nozzle and spray device with the fuel issuing at its peripheralexit so as to maintain the speed of the passing air at the point ofmixing at all conditions of higher speed or even load on the engine,whereby the force and mixing power is maintained. lV ith many devices aquick or sudden opening of the throttle for the purpose of rapidacceleration of the engine causes trouble, especially if the carburetoris adjusted for economy of fuel. In my carburetor, the floating nozzleand spray device controls or maintains the suction upon and the entranceof both air and fuel in proper proportions, while it is rising inresponse to the opening throttle, and so avoids the above mentiontrouble and facilitates rapid acceleration. This floating nozzle andspray device with peripheral exit of large diameter and acting as a hoodin directing the air over the exit of the fuel tube facilitates theforcible mixture of the elements at that point and provides a vaporizingsurface. and mixino' space on the inner sides of the flanges 45 and 47while passing to the exit 48.

I claim as my invention:

l. In a carburetor, a casing, an air pipe leading thereto, a throttlecontrolled exit from said casing to an engine, a fuel tube verticallyarranged in said casing, means for admitting a liquid fuel to said tube,a hollow nozzle and spray device rigidly mounted on said tube and havinga. narrow peripheral exit to the interior of said casing, said tubehaving a fuel exit within said hollow nozzle and spray device, anotherhollow nozzle and spray device slidably mounted on said tube andinclosing the first nozzle and spray device, said casing being formedwith means fo; normally supporting the slidable nozzle and spray device,the slidable nozzle and spray device being formed with air openings atits lower end to permit a thin sheet of air to pass upwardly across theperipheral exit of the rigidly mounted nozzle and spray device, theslidable nozzle and spray device also being formed with a narrowperipheral exit directed toward the wall of the casing, said slidablenozzle and spray device being designed to be lifted by the suction eectof the engine when traveling at higher speed to permit an additionalquantity of air to pass in a thin stream across its peripheral exit tomingle with the mixture issuing therefrom.

2. In a carburetor, a casing, an air pipe leading thereto, means foradmitting moisture to said air pipe prior to the entrance of the 'air tosaid casing, aI throttle controlled exit from said casing to an engine,a fuel tube vertically arranged in said casing, means for admitting aliquid fuel to said tube, a hollow nozzle and spray device rigidlymounted on said tube and having a narrow peripheral exit to the interiorof said casing, said tube having a fuel exit withinsaid hollow nozzleand spray device, another hollow nozzle and spray device slidablymounted on said tube and inclosing the first nozzle and spray device,said casing being forined'with mea-ns for normally supporting theslidable nozzle and spray device, the slidable nozzle and spray devicebeing formed with air openings at its lower end to permit a thin sheetof air to pass upwardly across the peripheral exit of the rigidlymounted nozzle and spray device, the slidable nozzle and spray devicealso being formed with a narrow peripheral exit directed toward thewalllof the casing, said slidable nozzle and spray device being designedto be lifted by the suction effect of the engine when traveling athigher speed to permitan additional quantity of' air to pass in a thinstream across its peripheral exit to mingle with the mixture issuingth-erefrom.

3. In a carburetor, a casing, an air pipe leading thereto, a. throttlecontrolled exit from said casing to an engine, fuel tube verticallyarranged in said casing, means for admitting a liquid fuel to said tube,a hollow nozzle andspray device rigidly mounted on said tube and havinga narrow peripheral exit to the interior of said casing, saidtube havinga fuel exit within said hollow nozzle and spray device, anotherV hollownozzle and spray device slidably mounted on said tube and inclosing thefirst nozzle and spray device, said casing being formed with means fornormally supporting the slidable nozzle and spray device, the slidablenozzle and spray device being formed with air openings at its lower endto permit a thin sheet of air to pass upwardly across theperipheral'exit of the rigidly mounted nozzle and spray device, theslidable nozzle and spray device also being formed with a narrowperipheral exit directed toward the wall of the casing, said slidablenozzle and spray device being designed to be lifted by the suctioneffect of the engine when traveling at higher speed to permit anadditional quantity of air to pass in a thin stream acrossits'peripheral eXit to mingle with the mixture issuing there# from, andmeans for applying heat to the lower portion of said casing.

4f. In a carburetor, a casing, an air entrance thereto, a throttlecontrolled exit-from said casing to an engine, a fuel tube verti-L callyarranged in said casing, means for admitting liquid fuel to said tube, ahollow nozzle and spray device slidably supported on said tube betweenthe air entrance and the throttle controlled exit and normally forming apartition therebetween, said tube being formed with a fuel exit withinsaid slidable device, means for causing the fuel to pass laterally fromsaid tube in a thin sheet, air ports arranged circumferentially at thebot- 5. ln a carburetor, a casing, an air entrancethereto, a throttlecontrolled exit from said casing to an engine, a fuel tube verticallyarranged in said said casing, means for admitting liquid fuel to saidtube, said casing being formed with an internal peripheral shoulderbetween the air entrance and the throttle controlled exit and beingenlarged in diameter above said shoulder, a hollow nozzle and spraydevice slidably supported on said tube and having a peripheral portionnormally resting on saidv shoulder and also being formed with adepending cylindrical portion concentric with said tube, said'tube beingformed with a fuel exit within said slidable device, a member fixed tosaid tube in enclosing relation to the fuel exit thereof and having anarrow peripheral slit directed toward the cylindrical port-ion of saidslidable member, air ports at the bottom of said slid able device topermit an annular column of air to move upwardly within its cylindricalportion and to impinge substantially at right angles upon a thin annularsheet of liquid fuel issuingfrom the peripheral slitof said rigidmember, said slidable device being formed with a narrow peripheral slitdirected toward the wall of the enlarged portion of the casing, saidslidable device arranged to be lifted by suction effect of .the enginewhen traveling at higher speeds to permit an ad-y ditional quantity ofair to impinge in' an annular stream substantially at right angles tothe annular sheet of fuel mixtureiissuing from the last named peripheralslit.

6. A carburetor comprising a chamber, a fuel passage leading 'to saidchamber, a valve controlled inlet forI admitting fuel to said passageand for causing it to pass laterally in all directions in a thin sheet,means for admitting a relatively small quantity of air travelingdirectly toward the thin sheet of liquid fuel'at the initial end ofthesaid'fuel passage, means in said chamber for causing the mixture to passlaterally in all directions in a thin sheet, and means for admitting afurther quantity of air traveling across said thin sheet of Yfuelmixture in said chamber, whereby each of said mixing means includes thepassage of a thin annular sheet of air impinging substantially at rightangles upon the liquid fuel for thoroughly v'aporizing the fuel andproducing an intimate mixture of fuel elements.

7. A carburetor comprising a chamber, a second passage leading to saidchamber, a valve controlled inlet for admitting liquid fuel to saidpassage and for causing it to pass laterally in all directions in a thinsheet, means for admitting a relatively small quantity of air travelingdirectly toward the thin sheet of liquid fuel at the initial end of saidfuel passage, means in said chamber for causing the fuel to passlaterally in all directions in a thin sheet, means for admitting afurther quant-ity of air traveling across said thin sheet of liquid fuelin said chamber, and means in said chamber for automatically admittingto the fuel mixture a still further quantity of air when the engine istraveling at higher speed, the amount of such further quantity of airbeing proportioned to the suction effect of the engine, each of saidplurality of mixing means including provision for the passage of a thinannular stream of air impinging substantially at right angles upon athin annular sheet of liquid fuel.

S. In a carburetor, a casing, an air pipe leading thereto, a throttlecontrolled exitfrom said casing to an engine, a fuel tube verticallyarranged in said casing, valve controlled means for admitting liquidfuel to said tube, means to admit a small quantity of air to said valvecontrolled means so that a thin annular sheet of air impingessubstantially at right angles upon a thin annular sheet of liquid fuel,a hollow nozzle and spray device rigidly mounted on said tube and havinga narrow peripheral exit to the interior of said casing, said tubehaving a fuel exit within said hollow nozzle and spray device, and meansfor causing an annular stream of air to pass upwardly across andsubstantially at right angles tothe peripheral exit of said devicewhereby air is added at a multiple of points to break up, mix andvaporize the fuel mixture.

9. In a carburetor, an air chamber, a fuel Lube vertically arrangedtherein, means for admitting a fuel mixture to said tube, a hollownozzle and spray device arranged entirely eXteriorly of and slidablyengaging said tube at spaced points and formed intermediately with anarrow peripheral eXit directed toward the wall of said chamber, athrottle controlled fuel passage leading from said chamber above saidslidable device to an engine, said fuel tube being formed with 'aconstant level exit interiorly of said slidable device, said slidabledevice being formed with air openings at its lower end designed topermit air to travel upwardly past the fuel exit from said tube andbeing formed with a cylindrical wall spaced uniformly in all of itspositions from said fuel exit, said slidable nozzle and spray devicebeing designed to be lifted by the suction effect of JOHN LGUCIENCHESNUTT.

